12. Funding

Funding is another fundamental aspect of the implementation process. The traditional way of funding the implementation process is the allocation of funds from the government budget. This approach has its difficulties. Apart from the financial resources of most governments being low with competing interests, taking ownership of the process by the stakeholders should include innovative funding arrangements. This must be addressed explicitly under the strategies and action plan. For example, in Nigeria, the Cybercrimes Act of 2015 provides that a certain percentage of fees should be charged on electronic funds transfers, and such fees are reserved to fund cybersecurity activities. Similarly, the National Cybersecurity Policy also suggests that a certain percentage of government agencies’ budgets should be dedicated to cybersecurity activities.